I have received a few queries regarding wireworms
lately. Here is some info to answer some of the common ones.
What
are wireworms
Wireworms are a common cotton pest which feed on
germinating seeds and emerging seedlings. Two types of wireworms feed on cotton: true wireworms and false wireworms. True wireworms, commonly called click beetles, are members of the Elateridae family, while false wireworms, or darkling beetles, are from the Tenebrionidae family.
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| Click beetle |
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| Darkling beetle |
Damage
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| Wireworm larvae (Photo: Pat Porter) |
Overwintering larvae inflict the most damage as they
become active in the spring. The larvae damage cotton by feeding on the root,
hypocotyl (stem of the germinating seedling), and cotyledon (seed leaves) of
plants before emerging from the soil. Root feeding can kill plants and reduce
plant stand but usually results in stunting.
Scouting
It’s hard to find
crop worms that you can’t see! Soil-dwelling habit of larvae makes it very
challenging to scout for. Baits with mixture of either wheat grain or oatmeal and
honey may help detecting the presence of wireworms in field.
Management
There are no rescue treatments. Minimize wireworm infestations
through clean cultivation and fallowing. Infestations are most severe in
no-tillage or reduced-tillage situations, particularly following grain crops.
Planting shallow and under warm conditions allows cotton seeds to germinate
rapidly and plants to outgrow wireworms. Insecticidal seed treatments and/or at
plant insecticides are the most effective means of minimizing wireworm damage.
Can compost application make problem worst?
No, unless the
compost is carrying any wireworms or their eggs. In general, compost can
provide better environment for wireworms that already exist in the field but
there are little or no data available on this.
Need more info?
Access our online fact
sheet on wireworms at: http://agrilife.org/lubbock/files/2017/05/Wireworms_ENTO-068.pdf
